Class 7 · 7th standard · 2026-27

Class 7 Social Science worksheets, free, with every answer on the page

Three free Class 7 Social Science worksheets - one each for History, Geography and Civics - with every question and every answer printed on this page rather than behind a download. Class 7 is where the subject stops rewarding recall. The questions now ask why a ruler made a change, why a layer of the atmosphere matters, why a shirt costs four times what the worker was paid. These sheets practise that 'because', and every exercise opens with one question worked through in full.

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3 worksheets · 77 questions · every answer on the page · no sign-up · aligned to NCERT's Class 7 Social Science book is Exploring Society: India and Beyond, which combines History, Geography and Civics in one volume. Schools also use their own texts, so these sheets are written to the reasoning rather than to one book's chapters.

What these practise

The five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate, 1206 to 1526
Administrative measures - iqta, market control, mansabdari - and the problems they solved
The Mughals from Babur to Aurangzeb, and Akbar's policy of sulh-i kul
Reading a court chronicle as evidence, with its bias noted
The earth's interior: crust, mantle and core
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, and how each forms
The layers of the atmosphere and what happens in each
Equality in Indian democracy, in law and in daily life
How the media sets the agenda, and who pays for it
The chain of markets from producer to buyer

Last updated 2026-07-28

Free, with answers

The worksheets themselves

Every question is on this page, and so is every answer. Nothing is behind a sign-up, and there is no file to download unless you want one - use the print button on any sheet to save it as a PDF.

practice · medium · 25 min

The Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals

Class 7 Social Science · History · 23 questions with answers

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Class 7 History is not a longer list of kings than Class 6 - it is the year the questions start asking why. Why did a ruler make a change, what problem was it meant to solve, and did it work? These questions are built in that shape, because a date learned without a reason attached is a date that will not survive to the exam.

Places the main dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals in order
Explains an administrative measure by the problem it was meant to solve
Says why a policy succeeded or failed rather than only naming it
Uses a date to support an explanation rather than as the answer itself

Exercise 1 of 3 · 5 questions

Put these in chronological order, and give the century for each.

Put in order · Warm-up

Here’s one done for you

The two dates worth actually memorising are 1206 and 1526 - the beginning and the end of the Delhi Sultanate, with the Mughal Empire starting at the second. Everything else can be placed between them by reasoning rather than recall. A child who knows those two anchors can order almost anything in this syllabus.

1)A. The Lodi dynasty rules Delhi
2)B. Qutbuddin Aibak founds the Slave dynasty
3)C. Babur wins the First Battle of Panipat
4)D. Alauddin Khalji rules Delhi
5)E. Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifts the capital to Daulatabad

Answers

1) B (1206, thirteenth century), D (from 1296, turn of the fourteenth), E (1320s-30s, fourteenth century), A (1451-1526, fifteenth into sixteenth), C (1526, sixteenth century). The whole Delhi Sultanate runs from 1206 to 1526, and the Mughal Empire begins where it ends.

Exercise 2 of 3 · 10 questions

Name the measure, then say what problem it was meant to solve.

Write the answer · Guided

Here’s one done for you

The market control measures: Alauddin Khalji fixed prices so that he could pay a large standing army in cash, and he needed that army because of the Mongol invasions. Notice the chain - measure, purpose, and the situation behind the purpose. In Class 7, naming the measure is a mark; the chain is the answer.

1)Alauddin Khalji's control of market prices
2)Muhammad bin Tughlaq's shift of the capital to Daulatabad
3)The iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate
4)Akbar's abolition of the jizya
5)The mansabdari system under the Mughals
6)Sher Shah Suri's building of the Grand Trunk Road
7)Akbar's marriage alliances with Rajput houses
8)The building of stepwells and tanks by Sultanate rulers
9)Balban's insistence on elaborate court ceremony
10)Akbar's land revenue settlement, the zabt

Answers

1) He fixed the prices of grain, cloth and other goods so that he could pay a large standing army in cash without their wages being eaten by inflation. The army was needed against repeated Mongol invasions.
2) He wanted a capital nearer the centre of an empire that now stretched deep into the Deccan, so that the south could be governed and defended more easily. The move failed because of the enormous hardship of shifting an entire population that far.
3) Land revenue was assigned to a commander (a muqti) instead of a salary, so that soldiers could be maintained without moving cash across a large empire. It solved a payment problem and created a loyalty one, because assignees could grow independent.
4) The jizya was a tax on non-Muslims, and abolishing it was part of Akbar's policy of sulh-i kul - peace with all - meant to make an empire of many faiths governable by making its subjects feel less like subjects.
5) Every officer was given a rank, a mansab, that fixed both his position and the number of cavalry he had to maintain. It gave the empire one clear ladder of service instead of many local arrangements.
6) A long, maintained highway with rest houses. It let armies, officials and traders move quickly across the empire, which made both control and trade far easier.
7) Marriage alliances with Rajput houses. They turned powerful rivals into partners in the empire, which cost far less than defeating each of them in war.
8) Stepwells and tanks. They stored water through the dry months, which a growing town could not do without, and they also displayed the ruler's care for his people.
9) An elaborate and distant court ceremony. It was meant to make the Sultan appear far above his nobles, so that none of them thought of himself as an equal who might replace him.
10) The zabt, a revenue settlement based on measured land and average yields. It made the tax demand predictable for both the peasant and the state, instead of depending on a local official's guess.

Exercise 3 of 3 · 8 questions

Answer in three or four sentences.

Write the answer · Practice

Here’s one done for you

The token currency: he issued bronze and copper coins at the value of silver, the state could not stop forgeries, people paid taxes in fake coins, and the currency had to be withdrawn. Four sentences, four links in a chain. 'It failed because it was a bad idea' is not an answer - the mark is for the mechanism by which it failed.

1)Why is Razia Sultan remembered even though she ruled for less than four years?
2)Why did Muhammad bin Tughlaq's token currency fail?
3)What did Akbar mean by sulh-i kul, and why did it matter for an empire like his?
4)Why do historians rely on the Ain-i Akbari, and what should we be careful about when using it?
5)Why did the Delhi Sultanate find it so hard to control distant provinces?
6)Why were temples and mosques often built or repaired by rulers rather than by ordinary people?
7)How did the coming of the Turks change warfare in India?
8)Why did the Mughals keep detailed revenue records, and what did that allow them to do?

Answers

1) She was the only woman to rule the Delhi Sultanate, and she was chosen by Iltutmish over his sons because he judged her the abler ruler. Her reign was short because the nobles were unwilling to accept a woman as sultan, which is itself the point - her rule shows both what was possible and what the nobility would not tolerate.
2) He issued bronze and copper coins to be used at the value of silver ones. Because the coins were easy to imitate and the state could not control who minted them, forgeries spread and people paid their taxes in the fake coins. The state was left with worthless metal and had to withdraw the currency.
3) Sulh-i kul means peace with all - the idea that the state should not favour one religion over another. It mattered because Akbar ruled an empire of many faiths and communities, and a ruler seen as belonging to only one of them would have faced constant resistance from the rest.
4) It is a detailed official account of Akbar's administration - revenue, ranks, provinces - written by Abul Fazl, and there is little else with that much administrative detail. The care needed is that Abul Fazl was Akbar's own courtier writing for him, so the account presents the reign as the emperor wished it seen.
5) Because distances were huge and news travelled at the speed of a horse. A governor far from Delhi could raise his own army and declare independence long before the Sultan even heard of it.
6) Because only rulers commanded the revenue and the labour such buildings needed. A large temple or mosque also announced who held power in that region, so it served the ruler as well as the worshipper.
7) They brought fast cavalry, the iron stirrup and better mounted archery. That made speed and manoeuvre decisive, where Indian armies had relied heavily on elephants and infantry.
8) Because revenue was the empire's income and it had to be predictable. Detailed records let them fix a fair demand, compare provinces, spot a failing harvest and pay a very large army on time.

While your child works

Ask 'why did they do that?' after every fact. A date with no reason attached will not survive to the exam.
Two dates carry this whole syllabus - 1206 and 1526. Everything else can be reasoned into place between them.
The last exercise is the one that predicts the paper. If time runs short, do those four rather than the ordering.

Open the History worksheet on its own page

practice · medium · 25 min

Inside the earth, and the atmosphere

Class 7 Social Science · Geography · 30 questions with answers

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Geography at Class 7 is where labels stop being enough. Naming the three layers of the earth is a mark; saying what each is made of and why that matters is the answer. These questions are written to make the second half automatic.

Names the layers of the earth and states what each is made of
Distinguishes igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks by how they form
Names the layers of the atmosphere and what happens in each
Explains an everyday observation using the composition of the air

Exercise 1 of 3 · 11 questions

Name it, then say one thing that is true only of that layer.

Write the answer · Warm-up

Here’s one done for you

The crust, and the thing that is true only of it: it is the thinnest layer, about 35 km under continents and 5 km under oceans. Any child can name three layers. The mark in Class 7 is for the detail that could not have been guessed - a thickness, a material, a thing that happens there.

1)The outermost layer of the earth
2)The layer that extends to about 2,900 km below the crust
3)The innermost layer of the earth
4)The layer of the atmosphere where all weather happens
5)The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer
6)The layer of the atmosphere where meteors burn up
7)The outermost layer of the atmosphere
8)The layer of the earth made mainly of iron and nickel
9)The thin solid layer we live on, thinnest under the oceans
10)The layer of the atmosphere closest to the ground
11)The sphere that includes all water on the earth

Answers

1) The crust. It is by far the thinnest layer - about 35 km under the continents and only around 5 km under the oceans.
2) The mantle. It lies immediately below the crust and is the thickest of the three layers.
3) The core. It is made mainly of nickel and iron, which is why it is sometimes called the nife layer, and it is the hottest part of the earth.
4) The troposphere. It is the layer we live in, and it holds almost all of the atmosphere's water vapour and dust, which is why clouds and rain occur here.
5) The stratosphere. The ozone layer here absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun, and the layer is almost free of cloud, which is why aircraft prefer to fly in it.
6) The mesosphere. Meteors burn up here, which is what makes it the layer that shields the surface from them.
7) The exosphere. It has almost no air at all and merges gradually into outer space.
8) The core. It is the densest layer, and its movement is what gives the earth its magnetic field.
9) The crust. It is the only layer we can reach directly, and it is far thinner under the oceans than under the continents.
10) The troposphere. All weather happens here, and it is the layer whose temperature falls as you go up.
11) The hydrosphere. It includes oceans, rivers, lakes and groundwater, and most of it is salt water.

Exercise 2 of 3 · 11 questions

Which type of rock, and how was it formed?

Write the answer · Guided

Here’s one done for you

Granite is igneous, and specifically intrusive: the magma cooled slowly deep underground, which is why you can see individual grains in it. Basalt is igneous too, but extrusive - lava cooled fast on the surface, so its grains are tiny. Same family, different story, and the grain size is the visible evidence of which one. Questions that ask you to tell them apart are asking for that story, not for the name.

1)Granite
2)Basalt
3)Sandstone
4)Marble
5)Slate
6)Limestone
7)Gneiss
8)Pumice
9)Shale
10)Quartzite
11)Coal

Answers

1) Igneous, and intrusive - molten magma cooled slowly deep inside the earth, which is why its grains are large enough to see.
2) Igneous, and extrusive - lava cooled quickly on the earth's surface, so the grains are very fine.
3) Sedimentary - grains of sand were carried by wind or water, deposited in layers, and compressed over a long time.
4) Metamorphic - limestone was changed by great heat and pressure inside the earth.
5) Metamorphic - shale was changed by heat and pressure.
6) Sedimentary - formed from the compressed remains of shells and marine life.
7) Metamorphic - granite changed by great heat and pressure deep in the crust.
8) Igneous - formed from frothy lava that cooled quickly, trapping gas bubbles.
9) Sedimentary - formed from fine mud and clay settling and being compressed.
10) Metamorphic - sandstone changed by heat and pressure.
11) Sedimentary - formed from plant remains buried and compressed over millions of years.

Exercise 3 of 3 · 8 questions

Answer in two or three sentences.

Write the answer · Practice

Here’s one done for you

The meteors: they enter the mesosphere at very high speed, friction with the air heats them, and they burn up before reaching the ground. Notice that the answer names the layer, gives the mechanism, and says what the result is for us. Almost every 'why' question in Class 7 Geography wants those three, and counting them off before writing is the habit worth building.

1)Why is nitrogen the largest part of the air even though we need oxygen to breathe?
2)Why do meteors burn up before they reach the ground?
3)Why is the ozone layer important, and where is it?
4)How is a metamorphic rock different from the rock it came from?
5)Why does the crust vary in thickness under continents and oceans?
6)Explain the rock cycle in your own words.
7)Why does air pressure fall as you climb a mountain?
8)Why is the troposphere the most important layer for living things?

Answers

1) Nitrogen makes up about 78 per cent of the air and oxygen about 21 per cent. Plants need nitrogen to grow, though most of them cannot take it directly from the air, so bacteria in the soil convert it into a usable form for them.
2) Because they enter the mesosphere at very high speed and the friction with the air there heats them until they burn up. That layer acts as a shield for the earth's surface.
3) It lies in the stratosphere and absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Without it, far more of that radiation would reach the earth's surface and harm living things.
4) It is the same material rearranged by great heat and pressure deep inside the earth. Limestone becomes marble and shale becomes slate - the substance is related, but the structure, hardness and appearance have changed.
5) Because continental crust is made of lighter rock that stands thicker and higher, while oceanic crust is denser, thinner and lies lower. That difference is why oceans sit in basins.
6) Igneous rock breaks down into sediment, which settles and hardens into sedimentary rock. Heat and pressure turn either kind into metamorphic rock, and if any of them melts and cools it becomes igneous again - so no rock type is permanent.
7) Because air pressure is the weight of the air above you. The higher you climb, the less air there is above, so the pressure falls.
8) Because it holds almost all the air we breathe and all the water vapour, so it is where weather, rain and clouds occur. Life depends on it directly.

While your child works

Ask 'what is true only of that one?' after every name. Three layers named is a mark; three layers described is the answer.
For rocks, the story is the answer - how it formed, not what it is called. Grain size is visible evidence and children remember it.
Diagrams are marked on labels. A cross-section of the earth with three labels scores less than a rough one with six.

Open the Geography worksheet on its own page

practice · medium · 25 min

Equality, media and markets

Class 7 Social Science · Civics · 24 questions with answers

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Civics is the part of the paper children most often answer with a definition when the question wanted an example, or with an example when it wanted a reason. These questions ask for both every time, because that is what the marking scheme wants and almost nobody is told so.

Explains equality as it works in practice rather than as a definition
Gives a concrete example for every general statement
Explains how the media shapes what people think about
Traces goods through a chain of markets from producer to buyer

Exercise 1 of 3 · 8 questions

Explain in one or two sentences, with an example.

Write the answer · Warm-up

Here’s one done for you

Universal adult franchise - every adult citizen has one vote regardless of wealth, caste, religion, gender or education, so a landless labourer's vote counts exactly as much as a landlord's. The definition alone would be half the answer. The example is what shows the examiner that the idea has been understood rather than copied.

1)Universal adult franchise
2)Why the Constitution had to state that untouchability is abolished
3)The midday meal scheme
4)Why equality before the law is not the same as equality in daily life
5)Reservation in education and government jobs
6)Why the right to vote is given to every adult regardless of wealth or education
7)The role of a public health centre in a village
8)Why a government school matters even where private schools exist

Answers

1) Every adult citizen has one vote, regardless of wealth, caste, religion, gender or education - so a landless labourer's vote counts exactly as much as a landlord's.
2) Because a legal right on paper does not by itself end a practice that had gone on for centuries. Stating it in the Constitution made it enforceable rather than merely disapproved of.
3) Cooked meals provided in government schools, which improved both attendance and nutrition. It also had a second effect that mattered: children of all castes eating together in the same place.
4) Because the law can treat two people identically while their circumstances do not. A child who has to work after school and one who has a tutor both have the same right to education, and not the same chance of using it.
5) Setting aside places for groups kept out of education and government work for generations. It is meant to correct a disadvantage that formal equality alone would leave in place.
6) Because tying the vote to wealth or education would give power only to those who already have both, and leave everyone else unable to change anything.
7) It brings basic treatment and medicines within reach of people who cannot travel to a town or pay a private doctor - which is what makes the right to health real rather than stated.
8) Because a private school is out of reach for many families. Without a government school, the right to education would exist on paper for children whose parents cannot pay.

Exercise 2 of 3 · 8 questions

Answer in two or three sentences.

Write the answer · Guided

Here’s one done for you

'Setting the agenda' means the media decides which stories get attention, and so shapes what people think about - not what they think, but what they think about. A story never reported cannot be discussed. That distinction is the whole chapter, and a child who can state it in one sentence has the topic.

1)What does it mean to say the media 'sets the agenda'?
2)Why does it matter who owns a newspaper or a television channel?
3)Why do most news channels carry advertisements?
4)Give one reason a story that matters to many people may still not be reported.
5)What is meant by an independent media, and why is independence hard to maintain?
6)How can the same event be reported very differently by two channels?
7)Why should a reader check more than one source before believing a report?
8)What responsibility does a reader have when forwarding news on a phone?

Answers

1) It means the media decides which stories get attention and which do not, and so shapes what the public thinks about. A story that is never reported cannot be discussed, however important it may be.
2) Because the owner can influence what is reported and how. If a small number of owners control many outlets, the range of views the public sees narrows even though the number of channels does not.
3) Because the money from advertising is what pays for the channel to run. That also means advertisers have some influence, since a channel depends on keeping them.
4) Because the people it affects may have little money and so are not the audience advertisers want to reach. A story about a distant village may be genuinely important and still not be considered worth broadcasting.
5) That it reports without being controlled by government or by its owners' interests. It is hard to maintain because most media depend on advertising and on official access, and both can be withdrawn.
6) Because each chooses what to include, whom to quote and what to call it. The same protest can be reported as a demand for rights or as a disruption, simply by those choices.
7) Because a single report may be incomplete, mistaken or slanted. Comparing sources shows which facts they all agree on and which are one channel's interpretation.
8) To check it before passing it on. Forwarding something false spreads it further and faster than the original, and the reader becomes part of the problem.

Exercise 3 of 3 · 8 questions

Answer in two or three sentences.

Write the answer · Practice

Here’s one done for you

The weekly market: no fixed costs and many sellers competing on the same goods, against a mall that has to cover a building, electricity and staff. Both halves are needed - costs and competition. An answer that says only 'the mall is expensive' has repeated the question rather than answered it.

1)Why are goods usually cheaper in a weekly market than in a shopping mall?
2)Trace a shirt from the factory to the person who buys it.
3)Why does a shop in your neighbourhood survive even though a big store nearby sells the same things?
4)Who gets the smallest share of what you pay for a shirt, and why?
5)Why do some traders buy directly from farmers rather than through a market?
6)What is a wholesale market, and why does it exist?
7)Why can a shopping mall charge more than a weekly market for the same goods?
8)How does a shop that gives credit help a regular customer?

Answers

1) Because a weekly market has almost no fixed costs - no permanent building, no electricity bill, no permanent staff - and many sellers of the same goods compete on price. A mall carries all of those costs, and the price has to cover them.
2) The factory sells in bulk to a wholesale trader, who sells smaller quantities to shopkeepers, who sell single shirts to buyers. Each step adds its own cost and profit, which is why the shirt costs several times what the factory received.
3) Because it is close by, opens at convenient hours, gives credit to people it knows, and will sell one or two of something. Those advantages matter more to a regular customer than a slightly lower price further away.
4) Usually the worker who stitched it. The wholesaler and the shopkeeper each add their share, and the worker is paid a fixed wage for the work rather than a share of what the shirt eventually sells for.
5) Because buying directly cuts out the middleman, so the trader pays less and the farmer may get more. It also lets the trader choose the quality he wants.
6) A market where goods are bought in bulk and sold on to shopkeepers rather than to the public. It exists because a single shop cannot buy directly from every producer.
7) Because it offers air conditioning, parking, fixed quality and the assurance of a brand, and its costs are far higher. Customers who value those things are willing to pay for them.
8) It lets the customer buy what the family needs before payday and settle later. That depends entirely on the shopkeeper knowing the family, which is why a local shop can do it and a large store cannot.

While your child works

Every general statement needs an example. Ask 'can you give me one?' after each answer.
The media chapter turns on one distinction: the media shapes what people think about, not what they think. Say it once.
Civics answers are marked on reasoning, so an answer your child argues differently from the key can be entirely correct.

Open the Civics worksheet on its own page

How should we use these at home?

Twenty-five minutes each, once or twice a week. Every exercise opens with one question worked through in full, because the shape of the answer is what is being practised.

Ask 'why did they do that?' after every historical fact. A fact with no reason attached will not survive to the exam.
Ask 'what is true only of that one?' in Geography. Naming three layers is a mark; describing them is the answer.
Ask 'can you give me an example?' in Civics, after every general statement.
Let your child mark their own work. Every answer is on the page for exactly that reason.

Where do Class 7 children usually stall?

The same place in all three books, which is the useful thing to know.

Naming without explaining. 'The iqta system' is a mark. 'Land revenue assigned instead of a salary, so soldiers could be paid without moving cash' is the answer.
Definitions in Civics where examples were wanted. The paper wants both, every time, and most children are never told so.
One of the three books quietly neglected. With separate teachers and a combined result, an average hides it until the term ends.

None of this is about a weak memory - it is about an answer habit that has not been built. See Class 7 Social Science tuition for how we teach it, or Social Science tuition for the whole chain to Class 10.

Questions parents ask

Class 7 Social Science worksheets - your questions

Are these Class 7 Social Science worksheets free?

Yes. Every question and every answer is on this page, with no sign-up, no email wall and no account. The printable version puts the answers on a separate final sheet.

Do these include an answer key?

Yes, written out in full sentences with the reasoning included. In Civics especially, the key is one good answer rather than the only one.

Why does my child lose marks despite remembering the chapter?

Because Class 7 marks the reason rather than the recall. Naming the iqta system is a mark; explaining that revenue was assigned instead of a salary so soldiers could be paid without moving cash is the answer.

How long did the Delhi Sultanate last?

From 1206 to 1526, across five dynasties - the Slave or Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi. Those two dates are the anchors: almost everything else in the syllabus can be reasoned into place between them.

How do we keep History, Geography and Civics all on track?

Check them separately rather than as one subject. They are often taught by different teachers and reported as a single mark, so an average can hide one that has been neglected for a whole term.

Are these matched to NCERT?

They are written to the reasoning Class 7 Social Science expects rather than to one book's chapter order, so they work whether your school uses NCERT's Exploring Society: India and Beyond or its own text.

How long should a Class 7 child spend on one sheet?

Twenty-five minutes. If it runs much longer, work through the worked examples together first - the difficulty is usually the answer shape rather than the content.

Can I print these worksheets?

Yes. They print cleanly on A4 with the answers on a separate final page, and nothing needs to be downloaded or signed up for.

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Class 7 Social Science worksheets, free, with every answer on the page

The worksheets themselves

The Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals

Inside the earth, and the atmosphere

Equality, media and markets

Class 7 Social Science - the guide

What changes in Social Science at Class 7?

How should we use these at home?

Where do Class 7 children usually stall?

Class 7 Social Science worksheets - your questions

Worksheets are free. So is the first class.

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